Jonathan Schaeffer

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Artificial Intelligence Publications

• Yaron Shoham and Jonathan Schaeffer, The FESS Algorithm: A Feature Based Approach to Single-Agent Search, IEEE Conference on Games, 2020. Runner-Up for the Best Paper Prize.
• Jonathan Schaeffer, The 1970 United States Computer Chess Championship: The Start of the Longest-Running Experiment in Computer Science History, International Computer Chess Association (ICGA) Journal, vol. 42, no. 2-3, pp. 72-85, 2020.
• Meir Goldenberg, Ariel Felner, Alon Palombo, and Jonathan Schaeffer, The Compressed Differential Heuristic, AI Communications, 2017, in press.
• Andre Grahl Pereira, Robert Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, Luciana Salete Buriol, and Marcus Ritt, Improved Heuristic and Tie-Breaking for Optimally Solving Sokoban, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 662-668, 2016.
• Jonathan Schaeffer, Martin Mueller, and Akihiro Kishimoto, Go-bot Go, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 48-53, 2014.
• Meir Goldenberg, Ariel Felner, Roni Stern, Nathan Sturtevant, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer, Enhanced Partial Expansion A*, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), vol. 50, pp. 141-187, 2014.
• Rick Valenzano, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer, Worst-Case Solution Quality Analysis When Not Re-Expanding Nodes in Best-First Searchs, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 885-892, 2014.
• Rick Valenzano, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer, A Comparison of Knowledge-Based GBFS Enhancements and Knowledge-Free Exploration, International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), pp. 375-379, 2014.
• Kevin Schenk, Adel Lari, Matthew Church, Eric Graves, Jason Duncan, Robin Miller, Neesha Desai, Richard Zhao, Duane Szafron, Mike Carbonaro, and Jonathan Schaeffer, ScriptEase II: Platform Independent Story Creation Using High-Level Patterns, Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), pp. 170-176, 2013.
• Meir Goldenberg, Ariel Felner, Nathan Sturtevant, Robert Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, Optimal-Generation Variants of EPEA, Symposium on Combinatorial Search (SoCS), pp. 170-176, 2013.
• Meir Goldenberg, Ariel Felner, Roni Stern, and Jonathan Schaeffer, A* Variants for Optimal Multi-Agent Pathfinding, Symposium on Combinatorial Search (SoCS), pp. 157-158, 2012.
• Richard Valenzano, Hootan Nakhost, Martin Mueller, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Nathan Sturtevant, ArvandHerd: Parallel Planning with a Portfolio, European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pp. 786-791, 2012.
• Ariel Felner, Mark Goldenberg, Guni Sharon, Roni Stern, Tal Beja, Nathan Sturtevant, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer, Partial-expansion A* with Selective Node Generation, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 471-477, 2012.
• Peter Yap, Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, and Robert Holte, Any-Angle Path Planning For Computer Games, Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), pp. 201-207, 2011.
• Reza Bakhshandeh, Mehdi Samadi, Zohreh Azimifar, and Jonathan Schaeffer, Degrees of Separation in Social Networks, Symposium on Combinatorial Search (SoCS), pp. 18-23, 2011.

• Peter Yap, Neil Burch, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Block A*: Database-Driven Search with Applications in Any-angle Path-Planning. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2011. To appear.

• Ariel Felner, Uzi Zahavi, Robert Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Nathan Sturtevant. Inconsistent Heuristics in Theory and Practice. Artificial Intelligence, 2011. To appear.

• Mesut Kirci, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer. A GGP Feature Learning Algorithm. Kunstliche Intelligenz, 2011. German journal on
  artificial intelligence. To appear.

• Mike Carbonaro, Duane Szafron, Maria Cutumisu, and Jonathan Schaeffer.
  Computer-game Construction: A Gender-neutral Attractor to Computing Science. Computers and Education, 55(3):1098-1111, 2010.

• Neil Burch, Robert Holte, Martin Muuller, David O'Connell, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Automating Layouts of Sewers in Subdivisions. In European
  Conference on artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pages 655-660, 2010.

• Ariel Felner, Nathan Sturtevant, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Carsten Moldenhauer. Single Frontier Bidirectional Search. In Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 59-64, 2010.

• Meir Goldenberg, Ariel Felner, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Portal-Based True-Distance Heuristics for Path Finding. In Symposium on Combinatorial Search (SoCS), pages 39-45.

• Richard Valenzano, Nathan Sturtevant, Jonathan Schaeffer, Karen Buro, and Akihiro Kishimoto. Simultaneously Searching with Multiple Settings: An Alternative to Parameter Tuning for Suboptimal Single-Agent Search Algorithms. In International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), pages 177-184, 2010.

• Robert Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Ariel Felner. Mechanical Generation of Admissible Heuristics, 2010.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. One Jump Ahead: Computer Perfection at Checkers. Springer Verlag, 2009. Extensively revised second edition of One Jump
  Ahead (1997), including over 100 pages of new material.

• Zhifu Zhang, Nathan Sturtevant, Robert Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Ariel Felner. A* Search with Inconsistent Heuristics. In International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 634-639, 2009.

• Nathan Sturtevant, Ariel Felner, Max Barer, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Neil Burch. Memory-Based Heuristics for Explicit State Spaces. In International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 609-614, 2009.

• Ariel Felner, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Abstraction-Based Heuristics with True Distance Computations. In Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation (SARA), 2009.

• Mohammad Shaei, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Comparing UCT versus CFR in Simultaneous Games. In IJCAI Workshop on
  General Game Playing, pages 75-82, 2009.

• Mesut Kirci, Nathan Sturtevant, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Feature Learning Using State Differences. In IJCAI Workshop on General Game Playing, pages 35-42, 2009.

• Mehdi Samadi, Fatemeh Asr, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Zohreh Azimifar. Extending the applicability of pattern and endgame databases. IEEE Trans actions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 1(1):28-38, 2009.
• Jonathan Schaeffer, Vadim Bulitko, and Michael Buro. Bots Get Smart IEEE Sprectrum, (December):44-49, 2008.

• Mehdi Samadi, Ariel Felner, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Learning from Multiple Heuristics. In Association for the Advancement of Articial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 357-362, 2008.

• Mehdi Samadi, Jonathan Schaeffer, Fatemah Asr, Majid Samar, and Zohreh Azimifar. Using abstraction in two-player games. In European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pages 545-549, 2008.

• Nathan Sturtevant, James Hoover, Jonathan Schaeffer, Sean Gouglas, and Michael Bowling. Multidisciplinary Students And Instructors: A Second-Year Games Course. In ACM Special Interest Group on Computer ScienceEducation, pages 383-387, 2008.

• Nathan Sturtevant, James Hoover, Jonathan Schaeffer, Sean Gouglas, Michael Bowling, Finnegan Southey, Matthew Bouchard, and Ghassan Zabaneh. Computers and games: Designing an interdisciplinary undergraduate
  computing science course for students in the Arts and Sciences, University of Alberta. In Society for Digital Humanities, 2008.

• Uzi Zahavi, Ariel Felner, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Duality in Permutation State Spaces and the Dual Search Algorithm. Artificial Intelligence, 172(4-5):514-540, 2008.

• Vadim Bulitko, Mithja Lustrek, Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Bjöornsson, and Sverrir Sigmunudarson. Dynamic Control in Real-Time Heuristic Search. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 32:419-452, 2008.

• Mike Carbonaro, Maria Cutumisu, Harvey Du, Stephanie Gillis, Curtis Onuczko, Je Siegel, Jonathan Schaeffer, Allan Schumacher, Duane Szafron, and Kevin Waugh. Interactive Story Authoring: A Viable Form of Creative Expression for the Classroom. Computers and Education, 51(2):687-707, 2008.

• Ariel Felner, Uzi Zahavi, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Duality in Search Spaces and the Dual Search Algorithm. Artificial Intelligence, 172:514-540, 2008.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Michael Mateas, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE). AAAI Press, 2007.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Game Over: Black to Play and Draw in Checkers. International Computer Games Association (ICGA) Journal, 30(4):187-197, 2007.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Human and Computer Perfection at Checkers, 2007.

• Vadim Bulitko, Yngvi Bjornsson, Mithja Lustrek, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Sverrir Sigmunudarson. Dynamic Control in Path-Planning with Real-Time Heuristic Search. In International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), pages 49-56, 2007.

• Ariel Felner, Uzi Zahavi, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Nathan Sturtevant. Inconsistent Heuristics. In Association for the Advancement of Artificial
  Intelligence (AAAI) National Conference, pages 1211-1216, 2007.

• Ken Anderson, Rob Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Partial Pattern Databases. In Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation, pages 20-34. Springer-Verlag, 2007. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence #4612.

• Adi Botea, Martin Muller, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Title: Fast Planning with Iterative Macros. In International Joint Conference on artificial
  Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 1828-1833, 2007.

• Jill McClay, Margaret Mackey, Mike Carbonaro, Duane Szafron, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Adolescents Composing Fiction in Digital Game and Written Formats: Tacit, Explicit and Metacognitive Strategies. E-Learning, 4(3):273-284, 2007.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, Yngvi Björnsson, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Müuller, Robert Lake, Paul Lu, and Steve Sutphen. Checkers is Solved. Science, 317(5844):1518-1522, 2007. Best Publication award from the International Computer Games Association.

• Maria Cutumisu, Curtis Onuczko, Matthew McNaughton, Thomas Roy, Jonathan Schaeffer, Allan Schumacher, Je Siegel, Duane Szafron, Kevin Waugh, Mike Carbonaro, Harvey Du, and Stephanie Gillis. ScriptEase: A Generative/Adaptive Programming Paradigm for Game Scripting. Science of Computer Programming, 67(1):32-58, 2007.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Report on the Third Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE) Conference. AI Magazine, 28(4):129-130, 2007.

• John Laird and Jonathan Schaeffer, editors.
  Artificial Intelligence and Intteractive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE). AAAI Press, 2006.

• Mike Carbonaro, Maria Cutumisu, Matthew McNaughton, Curtis Onuczko, Thomas Roy, Jonathan Schaeffer, Duane Szafron, and Stephanie Gillis. Interactive Story Writing in the Classroom: Using Computer Games. In
  Suzanne de Castell and Jennifer Jenson, editors, Worlds in Play, pages 285-299. Peter Lang, New York, 2007.

• Mike Carbonaro, Maria Cutumisu, Harvey Duff, Stephanie Gillis, Curtis Onuczko, Jonathan Schaeffer, Allan Schumacher, Jeff Siegel, Duane Szafron, and Kevin Waugh, Adapting a Commercial Role-Playing Game for Educational Computer Game Production, GameOn North America, to appear, 2006.

• Uzi Zahavi, Ariel Felner, Robert Holte and Jonathan Schaeffer. Dual Search in Permutation Search Spaces, American Association for Artificial Intelligence National Conference (AAAI), pp. 1076-1081, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Curtis Onuczko, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Matt McNaughton, Thomas Roy, Jeff Sigel and Mike Carbonaro. Evaluating Pattern Catalogs - The Computer Games Experience, 28th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 132-141, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Matt McNaughton, Thomas Roy, Curtis Onuczko and Mike Carbonaro. Generating Ambient Behaviors in Computer Role-Playing Games, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 19-27, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Kevin Waugh, Curtis Onuczko, Thomas Roy, Je Siegel, and Allan Schumacher. ScriptEase - Motivational Behaviors for Interactive Characters in Computer Role-Playing
  Games. In American Association for artificial Intelligence (AAAI) National Conference, pages 1935-1936, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Kevin Waugh, Curtis Onuczko, Jeff Siegel, and Allan Schumacher. A Demonstration of ScriptEase Ambient and PC-interactive Behaviour Generation for Computer Role-Playing Games. In Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), pages 141-142, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Kevin Waugh, Curtis Onuczko, Jeff Siegel, and Allan Schumacher. Automatic Story Generation for Computer Role-Playing Games. In Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), pages 147-148, 2006.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Kevin Waugh, Curtis Onuczko, Jeff Siegel, and Allan Schumacher. A Demonstration of Generating Motivational Behaviours in Computer Role-Playing Games. In Canadian Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS), 2006.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Honorary Doctorate for Ken Thompson. International Computer Games Association (ICGA) Journal, 29(3):149, 2006.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Bjornsson, Neil Burch, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Muller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu and Steve Sutphen. Solving Checkers, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 292-297, 2005. Distinguished Paper Prize

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Solving Checkers: First Result. International Computer Games Association (ICGA) Journal, 28(1):32-36, 2005.

• Jonathan Borwein, Russell Boyd, Gilbert Brunet, Hugh Couchman, Martyn Guest, Ian Lancaster, Kerry Rowe, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Engines of Discovery: The 21st Century Revolution. The Long Range Plan for High Performance Computing in Canada. National Research Council, 2005.

• Ariel Felner, Uzi Zahavi, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Rob Holte. Dual Lookups in Pattern Databases, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 103-108, 2005.

• Markian Hlynka and Jonathan Schaeffer. Pre-Searching, International Computer Games Association Journal (ICGA), vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 203-208, 2005.

• Adi Botea, Markus Enzenberger, Martin Mueller and Jonathan Schaeffer. Macro-FF: Improving AI Planning with Automatically Learned Macro-Operators, Journal of AI Research (JAIR), vol. 24, pp. 581-621, 2005.

• Mike Carbonaro, Maria Cutumisu, Matthew McNaughton, Curtis Onuczko, Thomas Roy, Jonathan Schaeffer, Duane Szafron, Stephanie Gillis and Sabrina Kratchmer. Interactive Story Writing in the Classroom: Using Computer Games, Digital Games Research Association Annual Conference (DiGRA), pp.323-328, 2005.

• Duane Szafron, Mike Carbonaro, Maria Cutumisu, Stephanie Gillis, Matthew McNaughton, Curtis Onuczko, Thomas Roy and Jonathan Schaeffer. Writing Interactive Stories in the Classroom, Interactive Multimedia Electronic Journal of Computer-Enhanced Learning (IMEJ) , vol. 7, no. 1, May 2005.

• Michael Chung, Michael Buro and Jonathan Schaeffer. Monte Carlo Search for Real-Time Strategy Games, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 117-124, 2005.

• Yngvi Bjrnsson, Markus Enzenberger, Rob Holte and Jonathan Schaeffer. Fringe Search , IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 125-132, 2005.

• Adi Botea, Martin Muller and Jonathan Schaeffer. Learning Partial-Order Macros from Solutions , International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), pp. 231-240, 2005.

• Curtias Onuczko, Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Matthew McNaughton, Thomas Roy, Kevin Waugh, Mike Carbonaro and Jeff Siegel. A Pattern Catalog For Computer Role Playing Games, GameOn North America, pp. 33-38, 2005.

• Yngvi Bjornsson, Jonathan Schaeffer and Nathan Sturtevent. Imperfect Information Endgame Databases, Advances in Computer Games 11, Lecture Notes in Computing Science #4250, pp. 11-22, 2005.

• Markian Hlynka and Jonathan Schaeffer. Learning Search Engines, Advances in Computer Games 11, Lecture Notes in Computing Science #4250, pp. 23-38, 2005.

• Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, Matthew McNaughton, Thomas Roy, Curtis Onuczko, and Mike Carbonaro. Generating Ambient Behaviors in Computer Role-Playing Games. In Mark Maybury, Oliviero Stock, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors, Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment, pages 311-314. Springer Verlag, 2005.

• Matthew McNaughton, Maria Cutimisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, James Redford and Dominique Parker. ScriptEase: Generative Design Patterns for Computer Role-Playing Games", International Confernece on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 88-99, 2004.

• Matthew McNaughton, Jonathan Schaeffer, Duane Szafron, Dominique Parker and James Redford. Code Generation for AI Scripting in Computer Role-Playing Games, Challenges in Games Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, pp. 129-133, 2004.

• Matthew McNaughton, Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Schaeffer, James Redford, and Dominique Parker. A Demonstration of Generating Scripting Code for Computer Role-Playing Games - ScriptEase. In Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pages 386-387, 2004.

• Adi Botea, Markus Enzenberger, Martin Muller, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Macro-FF. In International Planning Competition (IPC-4) Booklet, pages 15-17, 2004.

• Adi Botea, Martin Mueller and Jonathan Schaeffer. Near Optimal Hierarchical Path-Finding", Journal of Game Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-22, 2004.

• Adi Botea, Martin Mueller and Jonathan Schaeffer. Using Component Abstraction for Automatic Generation of Macro-actions", International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), Shlomo Zilberstein, Jana Koehler and Sven Koenig (editors), pp. 181-190, 2004.

• Martin Mueller, Markus Enzenberger and Jonathan Schaeffer. Temperature Discovery Search, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) National Conference, pp. 658-663, 2004.

• Darse Billings, Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Aaron Davidson, Rob Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, Terrance Schauenberg and Duane Szafron. Game Tree Search with Adaptation in Stochastic Imperfect Information Games, Computers and Games'04, Yngvi Bjornsson, Nathan Netanyahu and Jaap van den Herik (editors), Springer-Verlag, pp. 21-34, 2004.

• Thomas Hauk, Michael Buro and Jonathan Schaeffer. Rediscovering *-Minimax Search, Computers and Games'04, Yngvi Bjornsson, Nathan Netanyahu and Jaap van den Herik (editors), Springer-Verlag, pp. 35-50, 2004.

• Thomas Hauk, Michael Buro and Jonathan Schaeffer. *-Minimax Performance in Backgammon, Computers and Games'04, Yngvi Bjornsson, Nathan Netanyahu and Jaap van den Herik (editors), Springer-Verlag, pp. 51-66, 2004.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Martin Muller, and Yngvi Bjornsson, editors. Computers and Games. Springer Verlag, 2003. 428 pages.

• Darse Billings, Neil Burch, Aaron Davidson, Rob Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, Terence Schauenberg, and Duane Szafron. Approximating Game-Theoretic Optimal Strategies for Full-scale Poker, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCA), pp. 661-668, 2003.

• Mark Goldenberg, Alex Kovarksy, Xiaomeng Wu, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Multiple Agents Moving Target Search, (long version), International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 1538-1538, 2003. IJCAI poster.

• Yngvi Bjornsson, Markus Enzenberger, Rob Holte, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Peter Yap. Comparison of Different Abstractions for Pathfinding on Maps, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCA), pp. 1536-1538, 2003.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Bjornsson, Neil Burch, Robert Lake, Paul Lu and Steve Sutphen. Building the Checkers 10-piece Endgame Databases, Advances in Computer Games 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 193-210, 2003.

• Matthew McNaughton, James Redford, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Pattern-based AI Scripting Using ScriptEase, Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Y. XIang and B. Chaib-draa (eds), Springer Verlag, LNAI 2671, pp. 35-49, 2003.

• Bin Li, Steve Buckingham, Jonathan Schaeffer, Andy Spencer, and Warren Gallin. Computational Analysis of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels. In Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB), page 131, 2003.

• Yunjie Xu, Aiko Huckauf, Wolfgang Jager, Paul Lu, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Christopher Pinchak. CISS-1 experiment: Ab initio study of chiral interactions. In 39th International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Congress and 86th Conference of the Canadian Society for Chemistry, 2003.

• Adi Botea, Martin Mueller and Jonathan Schaeffer. Extending PDDL for Hierarchical Planning and Topological Abstraction", iCAPS workshop on PDDL, pp. 25-32, 2003.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Man vs Machine. En Passant, 31(4):7-16, 2003.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Jaap van den Herik. Chips Challenging Champions. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 2002.

• Matthew McNaughton, Paul Lu, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Memory-Efficient A* Heuristics for Multiple Sequence Alignment, AAAI National Conference (AAAI'2002), pp. 737- 743, 2002.

• Akihiro Kishimoto and Jonathan Schaeffer. Transposition Table Driven Work Scheduling in Distributed Game-Tree Search, AI'02: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Springer Verlag LNAI #2338, pp. 56-68, 2002.

• Darse Billings, Aaron Davidson, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. The Challenge of Poker, Artificial Intelligence, vol. 134, no. 1-2, pp. 201-240, 2002.

• Adi Botea, Martin Mueller, Jonathan Schaeffer. Using Abstraction for Planning in Sokoban, Computers and Games'02, Springer Verlag, pp. 360-375, 2002.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Artificial Intelligence: Game Playing Systems. In Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia (9th Edition), pages 254-255. John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
• Peter Yap and Jonathan Schaeffer. Path-finding on a Grid. In Sixth Joint Conference on Information Sciences, pages 454-457, 2002.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Sokoban: Enhancing General Single-Agent Search Methods Using Domain Knowledge, Artificial Intelligence, vol. 129, no. 1-2, pp. 219-251, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. A Gamut of Games , AI Magazine, volume 22, number 3, pp. 29-46, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Technology Transfer from One High-Performance Search Engine to Another, Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 131-146, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Markian Hlynka, and Vili Jussila, Temporal Difference Learning Applied to a High-Performance Game-Playing Program, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 529-534, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Aske Plaat, and Andreas Junghanns. Unifying Single-Agent and Two-Player Search, Information Sciences, vol. 135, no. 3-4, pp. 151-175, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Darse Billings, Lourdes Pena, and Duane Szafron. Learning to Play Strong Poker. In J. Furnkranz and M. Kubat, editors, Machines That Learn To Play Games, pages 225-242. Nova Science Publishers,
  2001.

• Jack van Rijswijck, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Russell Greiner. Always Shoot: Using FIFA in the Classroom. EA Journal, 2(1):31-38, 2001.

• Russell Greiner and Jonathan Schaeffer. The AIxploratorium: A Vision for AI and the Web. In IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Effective Interactive AI
  Resources, pages 23-35, 2001.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Improving the Search with Relevance Cuts, Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 252, no. 1-2, pp. 151-175, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Computer Science. In Canadian Encyclopedia. McClelland & Stewart, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Samuel's Checkers Player. In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Macmillan Reference Ltd., 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Ken Thompson's Influence
  on Computer Games Research. Journal of the International Computer Games Association,
  24(2):71-72, 2001.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The Games Computers (and People) Play, Advances in Computers 50 , Marvin Zelkowitz editor, Academic Press, pp. 189-266, 2000.

• Aaron Davidson, Darse Billings, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Improved Opponent Modeling in Poker, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'2000), pp. 1467-1473, 2000.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Aske Plaat Unifying Single-Agent and Two-Player Search, AI'00: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 13th biennial Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence (CSCSI) Conference, H. Hamilton (ed.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-12, 2000.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Search Ideas in Chinook , Games in AI Research, Jaap van den Herik and Hiroyuki Iida (editors), pp. 19-30, 2000.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The Role of Games in Understanding Computational Intelligence, , IEEE Intelligent Systems, pp. 10-11, November/December, 1999.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Improving the Search with Relevance Cuts , Journal of Theoretical Computer Science, to appear, 1999.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Domain-Dependent Single-Agent Search Enhancements , IJCAI, pp. 570-575, 1999.

• Darse Billings, Lourdes Pena, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Using Probabilistic Knowledge and Simulation to Play Poker , AAAI, pp. 697-703, 1999.

• John Romein, Aske Plaat, Henri Bal and Jonathan Schaeffer. Transposition Table Driven Work Scheduling in Distributed Search , AAAI, 725-731, 1999.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Darse Billings, Lourdes Pena, and Duane Szafron. Learning to Play Strong Poker , ICML-99 Workshop Machine Learning in Game Playing, J. Stefan Insttitute, Slovenia.

• Darse Billings, Denis Papp, Lourdes Pena, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Using Selective-Sampling Simulations in Poker , AAAI Spring Symposium on Search with Imperfect Information, pp. 13-18, 1999.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Relevance Cuts: Localizing the Search , Computers and Games, Jaap van den Herik and Hiroyuki Iida (editors), pages 1-14, 1999. Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computing Science #1558.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. High Performance Computing Systems and Applications. Kluwer Academic Press, 1998.

• Joseph Culberson and Jonathan Schaeffer. Pattern Databases, Computational Intelligence, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 318-334, 1998.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Single-Agent Search in the Presence of Deadlock , AAAI'98, pp. 419-424, 1998.

• Darse Billings, Denis Papp, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Opponent Modeling in Poker , AAAI'98, pp. 493-499, 1998.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Sokoban: Evaluating Standard Single-Agent Search Techniques in the Presence of Deadlock , AI'98, in Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Robert Mercer and Eric Neufeld, eds), Spinger Verlag, pp. 1-15, 1998.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. A Database of Databases. In H.J. van den Herik, editor, Bewaar Me, pages 157-161. Drukkerij Van Spijk B.V., The Netherlands, 1998.

• Darse Billings, Denis Papp, Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Poker as a Testbed for Machine Intelligence Research , AI'98, in Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Robert Mercer and Eric Neufeld, eds), Spinger Verlag, pp. 228-238, 1998.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. One Jump Ahead , Springer-Verlag, 1997.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Search Versus Knowledge in Game-Playing Programs Revisited , IJCAI'97, pp. 692-697.

• Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer. Sokoban: A Challenging Single-Agent Search Problem , IJCAI'97 workshop Using Games as an Experimental Testbed for AI Research, pp. 27-36.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Experimental Computer Science in Game Playing (postscript, html), part of a report Basic Experimental Research in Computer Science.

• Yngvi Bjornsson, Tony Marsland, Jonathan Schaeffer and Andreas Junghanns. Searching with Uncertainty Cut-Offs , Advances in Computer Chess VIII, H.J. van den Herik and Jos Uiterwijk (editors), University of Maastricht, pp. 167-179, 1997.

• Andreas Junghanns, Jonathan Schaeffer, Mark Brockington, Yngvi Bjornsson and Tony Marsland. Diminishing Returns for Additional Search in Chess , Advances in Computer Chess VIII, H.J. van den Herik and Jos Uiterwijk (editors), University of Maastricht, pp. 53-67, 1997.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, Paul Lu, and Martin Bryant. Chinook: The World Man-Machine Checkers Champion. AI Magazine, 17(1):21-29,
  1996. Also published in Japanese in a special issue of bit (a monthly journal) titled `Game Programming', H. Matsubara and I. Takeuchi (eds.), Kyoritsu Shuppan Co. Ltd., 1997.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Aske Plaat. Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 20(2):95-101, 1997.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Ringside at the Kasparov-Deep Blue Re-match. En Passant, 25(4):12-17, 1997.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Arie de Bruin and Wim Pijls. A Minimax Algorithm Better than SSS* , Artificial Intelligence, vol. 87, no. 1-2, pp. 255-293, 1996.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls and Arie de Bruin. Exploiting Graph Properties of Game Trees , AAAI, pp. 234-239, 1996.

• Duane Szafron and Jonathan Schaeffer. An Experiment to Measure the Usability of Parallel Programming Systems. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 8(2):147-166, 1996.

• Joseph Culberson and Jonathan Schaeffer. Searching with Pattern Databases , CSCSI '96 (Canadian AI Conference), Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Springer-Verlag, pp. 402-416, 1996.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Aske Plaat. New Advances in Alpha-Beta Searching , Proceedings of the 24th ACM Computer Science Conference, pp. 124-130, 1996.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, Paul Lu and Martin Bryant. Chinook: The World Man-Machine Checkers Champion , AI Magazine, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 21-29, 1996.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Robert Lake. Solving the Game of Checkers , Games of No Chance, Richard J. Nowakowski (editor), Cambridge University Press, pp. 119-133, 1996.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Marion Tinsley: Human Perfection at Checkers? In R.J. Nowakowski, editor, Games of No Chance, pages 115-118. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. Software Engineering Considerations in the Construction of Parallel Programs. In J. Dongarra, L. Grandinetti, G. Joubert, and J. Kowalik, editors, High Performance Computing: Technology, Methods and Applications, pages 271-288. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1995.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Martin Bryant, Robert Lake, Paul Lu, and Norman Treloar. Marion Tinsley: An Obituary. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 18(2):93, 1995.
• Jonathan Schaeffer. Obituary: Tony Scherzer. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 18(1):37-38, 1995
• Jonathan Schaeffer. Search Ideas in Chinook. In Computer Strategy Game Programming Workshop, pages 5.1-5.4, 1995. Held as part of the World Computer Chess Championship.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Arie de Bruin and Wim Pijls. An Algorithm Faster than NegaScout and SSS* in Practice , Computing Science in the Netherlands, pp. 182-193, 1995.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls, and Arie de Bruin. A Minimax Algorithm Better than Alpha-Beta? No and Yes , Technical Report 95-15, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, June 1995.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls, and Arie de Bruin. Best-First Fixed-Depth Game-Tree Search in Practice , IJCAI'95, pp. 273-279, Montreal, August 1995.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls, and Arie de Bruin. An Algorithm Faster than NegaScout and SSS* in Practice , revised version in Computing Science in the Netherlands 1995. Has appeared in the proceedings of Computer Strategy Game Programming Workshop at the World Computer Chess Campionship, May 26, 1995, Hong Kong.

• Robert Lake and Jonathan Schaeffer. Chinook on the World Wide Web. Keystone Checker Review, pages 906-907, July, 1995.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls and Arie De Bruin. Nearly Optimal Minimax Tree Search? , Tech. Rep. 94-19, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1994.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls and Arie De Bruin. A New Paradigm for Minimax Search , Tech. Rep. 94-18, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1994.

• Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls and Arie De Bruin. SSS* = Alpha-Beta + TT , Tech. Rep. 94-17, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1994.

• Joseph Culberson and Jonathan Schaeffer. Efficiently Searching the 15-Puzzle , Tech. Rep. 94-08, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1994.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Games: Planning and Learning. A Summary of Papers Presented at the AAAI Fall Symposium. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 17(1):40-41, 1994.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Derek Oldbury. British Draughts Journal, pages 186-187, June/July 1994.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Reducing the Complexity of Parallel Software Development. In K. Dekker and R. Rehmann, editors, Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems, pages 409-410. Birkhauser Verlag,
  1994.

• Robert Lake, Jonathan Schaeffer and Paul Lu. Solving Large Retrograde Analysis Problems Using a Network of Workstations , Advances in Computer Chess VII, H.J. van den Herik, I.S. Herschberg and J.W.H.M. Uiterwijk (editors), University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands, pp. 135-162, 1994.

• Lisa Lister and Jonathan Schaeffer. An Analysis of the Conspiracy Numbers Algorithm , Computers and Mathematics with Applications, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 41-64, 1994.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Paul Lu, Duane Szafron and Robert Lake. A Re-examination of Brute-Forc Search , Games: Planning and Learning, Chapel Hill, N.C., pp. 51-58, 1993. Available as AAAI Report FS9302.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Norman Treloar, Paul Lu and Robert Lake. Man Versus Machine for the World Checkers Championship , AI Magazine, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 28-35, 1993.

• Duane Szafron and Jonathan Schaeffer. Developing Distributed Applications.
  Canadian Information Processing, pages 19-21, Oct/Nov/Dec 1993.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. World Checkers Championship. SIGART, 4(1):10-11, 1993.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Man Versus Machine: The Silicon Graphics World Checkers Championship , Technical Report 92-19, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1992.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Joseph Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu and Duane Szafron. A World Championship Caliber Checkers Program , Artificial Intelligence, vol. 53, no. 2-3, pp. 273-290, 1992.

• Robert Lake, Jonathan Schaeffer and Norman Treloar. The 3B1c3W Endgame , Checkers, pp. 28-32, March, 1992.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. ICCA To Move: +=. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 15(2):101-102, 1992.

• Robert Lake, Paul Lu, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Using Retrograde Analysis to Solve Large Combinatorial Search Spaces. In E.D. Brooks, B.J. Heston, K.H. Warren, and L.J. Woods, editors, The 1992 MPCI Yearly Report: Harnessing the Killer Micros, pages 181-188. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1992. UCRL-ID-107022-92.

• Herbert A. Simon and Jonathan Schaeffer. The Game of Chess , Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, vol. 1, Robert J. Aumann and Sergiu Hart (editors), Elsevier Science Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 1-17, 1992. Also available as CMU technical report AIP-105.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Checkers: A Preview of What Will Happen in Chess? , Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 71-78, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. A Diffcult Search Problem. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 14(1):42-43, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Joseph Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu, and Duane Szafron. Checkers Program Challenges World Champion. Dispatch, pages 12-15, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Joseph Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu, and Duane Szafron. Checkers Program to Challenge for World Championship. SIGART Bulletin, 2(2):3-5, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Checkers Program Earns Right to Play forWorld Title. Computing Research News, 3(1):20, 1991.

• Lingyan Shu and Jonathan Schaeffer. HCS: Adding Hierarchies to Classifier Systems, Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 339-345, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Computer Chess: Science or Engineering? In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 548-549, 1991.

• Paul Lu, John Shillington, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Xiaobo Li. Order Linear Speedups for MIMD Sorting. In E.D. Brooks and K.H. Warren,
  editors, The 1991 MPCI Yearly Report: The Attack of the Killer Micros, pages 188-192. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1991. UCRL-ID-107022-91.

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Joseph Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu and Duane Szafron. Reviving the Game of Checkers , Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence; The Second Computer Olympiad, D.N.L. Levy and D.F. Beal (editors), Ellis Horwood, London, pp. 119-136, 1991.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. 1989 World Computer Chess Championship. In T. Anthony
  Marsland and Jonathan Schaeffer, editors, Computers, Chess, and Cognition, pages 33-35. Springer Verlag, 1990.

• T. Anthony Marsland and Jonathan Schaeffer. Computers, Chess, and Cognition, Springer-Verlag, 1990. Currently out of print.

• Michael George and Jonathan Schaeffer. Chunking for Experience , Advances in Computer Chess VI, D.F. Beal (editor), Ellis Horwood, London, pp. 133-146, 1991. Also appears in the Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 123-132, 1990. Note that the diagrams are unavailable in the postscript file.

• Mikhail V. Donskoy and Jonathan Schaeffer. Perspectives on Falling from Grace , New Directions in Game-Tree Search, Edmonton, Alberta, pp. 85-93, 1989. Also appears in the Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 155-163, 1989 and in Chess, Computers, and Cognition, T. Anthony Marsland and Jonathan Schaeffer (eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 259-268, 1990.

• Norbert Klingbeil and Jonathan Schaeffer. Empirical Results with Conspiracy Numbers , Computational Intelligence, vol. 6, pp. 1-11, 1990.

• Peter Jansen and Jonathan Schaeffer. Seconding a Grandmaster. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 13(1):29-33, 1990.
• Chris Shaw, Mark Green, and Jonathan Schaeffer. A Parallel Graphics System Using Raster Image Composition. In Western Canadian Computer Graphics Workshop, pages 19-31, 1990.
• Jonathan Schaeffer. The State of the Art. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 13(1):50-51, 1990.
• Dale Schuurmans and Jonathan Schaeffer. Difficulties of Classifier Representations , Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 328-333, 1989.

• Lingyan Shu and Jonathan Schaeffer. VCS - Variable Classifier Systems , Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 334-339, 1989.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The History Heuristic and the Performance of Alpha-Beta Enhancements , IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1203-1212, 1989.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Indrukken van de match Deep Thought - Kasparov. Computer Schach, pages 264-267, 1989. In Dutch.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Report on the ICCA Triennial Meeting. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 12(2):107, 1989.\

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The World Computer Chess Championship: Edmonton, 1989. CSCSI - Canadian Articial Intelligence, 19(2):16-17, 1989.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. An ICCA Re-Evaluation Function. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 12(1):47-49, 1989.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Conspiracy Numbers, Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 67-84, 1990. Also in Advances in Computer Chess V, D. Beal (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 199-218, 1989.

• Norbert Klingbeil and Jonathan Schaeffer. Search Strategies for Conspiracy Numbers, Canadian Artificial Intelligence Conference, pp. 133-139, 1988.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The North American Computer Chess Championships. En Passant, pages 39-40, February 1988.
• Mikhail V. Donskoy and Jonathan Schaeffer. Report on the 1st Soviet Computer-Chess Championship or Reawakening a Sleeping Giant. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 11(2-3):111-116, 1988.
• Jonathan Schaeffer. Learning From (Other's) Experience. In AAAI Spring Symposium: Computer Game Playing, pages 51-53, 1988.

• T. Anthony Marsland, Alexander Reinefeld and Jonathan Schaeffer. Low Overhead Alternatives to SSS*, Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 185-199, 1987.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. An ICCA Evaluation Function, or a Self-Referential Statement, or the Treasurer's Report. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 10(1):52-54, 1987.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Speculative Computing, Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 118-124, 1987.

• T. Anthony Marsland, Marius Olafsson and Jonathan Schaeffer. Multiprocessor Tree-Search Experiments, in Advances in Computer Chess IV, D. Beal (ed.), Pergamon Press, pp. 37-51, 1986.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The Fifth World Computer Chess Championship. En Passant, pages 42-45, October 1986.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Experiments in Search and Knowledge, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 1986.

• William W. Armstrong, T. Anthony Marsland, Marius Olafsson, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Steve Sutphen. Large Grained Parallelism at the University of Alberta. In Large Grained Parallelism Workshop, 1986.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Improved Parallel Alpha-Beta Searching, ACM/IEEE Fall Joint Computer Conference, pp. 519-527, 1986.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Experiments in Search and Knowledge. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 1986.

• Jonathan Schaeffer and T. Anthony Marsland. The Utility of Expert Knowledge, IJCAI'85, pp. 585-587, 1985

• William W. Armstrong, T. Anthony Marsland, Marius Olafsson, and Jonathan Schaeffer. Solving Equations of Motion on a Virtual Tree Machine. In SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing, 1985.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Master Chess by Belle. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 9(3):191-193, 1985.

• Alexander Reinefeld, Jonathan Schaeffer and T. Anthony Marsland. Information Acquisition In Minimal Window Search, IJCAI'85, pp. 1040-1043, 1985

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The Relative Importance of Knowledge, Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 138-145, 1984.

• Tim Breitkreutz and Jonathan Schaeffer. Computer versus Computer via Computer. Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, 7(4):226-228, 1984.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Long-Range Planning in Computer Chess, ACM Annual Conference, pp. 170-179, 1983.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. The History Heuristic, Journal of the International Computer Chess Association, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 16-19, 1983

• Jonathan Schaeffer, Patrick A.D. Powell, and Jim Jonkman. A VLSI Legal Move Generator for the Game of Chess. VLSI Design, 4(3):64-71, 1983.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Long-Range Planning in Computer Chess. Master's thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 1980.

• Jonathan Schaeffer. Long-Range Planning in Computer Chess, M.Math thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 1980.