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List of Figures
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Dealing with Imperfect Information
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Dealing with Imperfect Information
Contents
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1. Introduction
2. Poker
2.1 Playing a Game
2.1.1 Ante
2.1.2 The Deal
2.1.3 Betting
2.1.4 Showdown
2.2 Texas Hold'em
3. How Humans Play Poker
3.1 Hand Strength and Potential
3.2 Opponent Modeling
3.3 Position
3.4 Odds
3.4.1 Pot Odds
3.4.2 Implied Odds and Reverse Implied Odds
3.4.3 Effective Odds
3.5 Playing Style
3.6 Deception and Unpredictability
3.7 Summary
4. How Computers Play Poker
4.1 Expert Systems
4.2 Game-Theoretic Optimal Strategies
4.3 Simulation and Enumeration
4.4 Findler's Work
4.5 The Gala System
4.6 Hobbyists
4.7 Architecture
4.8 Summary
5. Hand Evaluation
5.1 Pre-Flop Evaluation
5.2 Hand Strength
5.2.1 Multi-Player Considerations
5.3 Hand Potential
5.3.1 Multi-Player Considerations
5.4 Summary
6. Betting Strategy
6.1 Pre-Flop Betting Strategy
6.2 Basic Post-Flop Betting Strategy
6.3 Effective Hand Strength
6.4 Semi-Bluffing
6.5 Calling With Pot Odds
6.6 Calling With Showdown Odds
6.7 Other Strategies
6.8 Summary
7. Opponent Modeling
7.1 Representation
7.1.1 Weight Array
7.1.2 Action Frequencies
7.2 Learning
7.2.1 Re-Weighting System
7.2.2 Pre-Flop Re-Weighting
7.2.3 Post-Flop Re-Weighting
7.2.4 Modeling Abstraction
7.3 Using the Model
7.3.1 The Field Array
7.4 Summary
8. Experiments
8.1 Self-Play Simulations
8.2 Other Experiments
8.3 Betting Strategy Experiments
8.4 Opponent Modeling Experiments
8.4.1 Generic Opponent Modeling (GOM)
8.4.2 Specific Opponent Modeling (SOM)
8.5 Summary
9. Conclusions and Future Work
Bibliography
A. Pre-Flop Income Rates
B. Expert-Defined Values
C. Glossary
Denis Papp
1998-11-30
