Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists

CMPUT 604-B1

Winter 2023

---

Instructor: Pierre Boulanger 
Email: pierreb@ualberta.ca

Office hours: after class or by appointment 
Course website: https://cs.ualberta.ca/~pierreb/QC-2023

The course will be every Tuesday and Thursday from 12h30 to 13h50 using Zoom.

The class will start on January 10

Register in advance for the meetings:

https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83145826230?pwd=VHZYT1F3cmtoMFczUWhzYjVqYkJEdz09

After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.

All lectures will be recorded.

Prerequisites: Students should be comfortable with linear algebra concepts such as unitary and Hermitian matrices. They should also have basic knowledge of probability theory.  Prior knowledge of quantum mechanics is helpful but not required.

Course Description: This course introduces the theory and applications of quantum information and quantum computation from the perspective of computer science. The course will cover classical information theory, compression of quantum information, quantum entanglement, efficient quantum algorithms, quantum error-correcting codes, fault-tolerant quantum computation, and quantum machine learning. The course will also cover physical implementations of quantum computation into real quantum computers and their programming languages using real-world examples utilising state-of-the-art quantum technology through the IBM Q Experience, Microsoft Quantum Development Kit, and D-Wave Leap.

Topics to be covered will likely include:

o Introduction, bracket notation, unitary operations, orthogonal measurements, n-qubit states, entanglement, single-qubit, and controlled operations

o Super-dense coding, incomplete measurements, quantum teleportation

o Quantum Computing Computer Architectures

o Quantum Computing Languages

o Quantum circuit model of computation

o Quantum error-correcting codes and fault-tolerance

o Basic quantum algorithms like Deutsch-Jozsa, Simon, and Grover

o Shor factoring algorithm

o Computational complexity theory

o Quantum entanglement, teleportation, and Bell inequalities

o Quantum Fourier transforms and the hidden subgroup problem

o Quantum query complexity, span programs, and the adversary method

o Density matrices, state discrimination, tomography

o Von Neumann entropy and Huevo bound

o Quantum machine learning

Evaluation

o The course evaluation consists of 8 assignments (5% each) on basic quantum theory and algorithmic. Some assignments will also involve programming real quantum computers using web-enabled IBM Q and D-Wave access.

o Most of the marks will be on a final project (60%) that must include basic quantum computing applications and their implementation on a simulator and a real quantum computer.

Lecture Notes

Lecture Date	Topics	Course Material	Assignments and Announcements
Jan. 10, 12	o Introduction	Introduction Class Recording 1 Class Recording 2	o Introduction to Google Colab o Introduction to Qiskit o Qiskit Website o Qiskit Course o Quantum Computing in 2 Hours
Jan. 17	o Origin of Quantum Mechanics and History of Quantum Computing	History-of-QC-and-QI Class Recording 3	o Quantum Computing Report o Open-source software in quantum computing o Mathematic Refresher
Jan. 19, 24	o Intro. To Complex Linear Algebra and Hilbert Space o Dirac Notation and Schrodinger Equation o The postulates of Quantum Mechanics Using Dirac Notation	Abstract vector spaces CLA_and_HS Class Recording 4 More on Dirac Notation and Hilbert Space Derivation-of-Shrodinger-Eqn.pdf The postulates of Quantum Mechanics	Assignment 1a: Solve the following math problems Additional Information for Assignment 1 o  Foundation of QC o  Measurement o  Density Matrix o  Latex Physics Package Coding Assignments o Assignment 1b Colab Notebook Due date: January 30
Jan. 26,31 Feb. 2	o Classical Bit and Quantum Bit Manipulations o Circuit model of quantum computation-I	CBit and Qbit Manipulations  Class Recording 5 Quantum-Circuits-I Class Recording 6 Class Recording 7	Assignment 2: Implement the following quantum circuits using Qiskit o Coding Assignment 2 Colab Notebook Due Date: February 11 o Quantum Shift Register Notebook o Quantum RAM Notebook o Marking for Ass 1 and 2
Feb.  7, 9	o Circuit model of quantum computation-II o More in Simon algorithm	Quantum-Circuits-II Class Recording 8 Simon Algorithm Implementation Class Recording 9 Quantum-Circuits-III	Assignment 3: Quantum Fourier Transform and Phase Detection Using Qiskit o Coding Assignment 3 Colab Notebook Due Date: February 18
Feb. 14,16	o Phase Estimation and Shor Algorithm o More on Shor quantum factoring algorithm o Grover search algorithm	Quantum Fourier Transform Shor Algorithm Video on Shor Algorithm Class Recording 10 Quantum Circuits-IV Class Recording 11	Assignment 4: Implement Shor Algorithm using Qiskit o Coding Assignment 4 Colab Notebook o Running a QC Program on IBM Q o Qiskit Tutorial on Gover Algorithm Due Date: February 25 Marking for Ass 3 and 4
No class Reading Week (Feb. 20-24)
Feb. 28 Mar. 2	o Quantum Gate Neural Networks  o Quantum Computer Compiler o Fault-tolerant quantum error correction	Quantum-Gate-Neural-Networks Training Optimization for Gate-Model Quantum Neural Networks Class Recording 12 Quantum-Computer-Compiler Quantum Error Correction Class Recording 13	Assignment 5: Implement Quantum Neural Network using TensorFlow Quantum o Coding Assignment 5 Colab Notebook o Introduction to Cirq Due Date: March 11 One Page Project Description Due March 11 Source Material to help you chose your project o  Quantum TensorFlow o  Quantum Machine Learning 1.0 o  Power of data in quantum machine learning o DWAVE Computing
Mar. 7, 9,14,16	o Adiabatic Quantum Algorithm o Adiabatic Quantum Hardware o D-Wave Programming Environment	Quantum Annealing Computer Quantum Annealing Supplement Class Recording 14 D-Wave 2000Q System Class Recording 15 D-Wave Leap Solving Problems Using QUBO QUBO Tutorial Class Recording 16	Assignment 6: Discrete Optimization and Unsupervised Learning Using DWAVE o Coding Assignment 6 Colab Notebook Due Date: March 18
Mar. 21, 23, 28, 30	o Quantum Machine Learning o Quantum Information Theory	Quantum-Machine-Learning More on Quantum Machine Learning Class Recording 17 Class Recording 18 Class Recording 19 Class Recording 20 Quantum Information Theory	QML NASA Presentation Book by Wittek on QML Quantum Approaches to Data Science and Data Analytics Assignment 7: Quantum Classification and Regression on Classical Data o Coding Assignment 7 Colab Notebook Due Date: March 26 Assignment 8: Training Deep Belief Networks Using Quantum Boltzmann Machine and Quantum Reinforcement Learning o Coding Assignment 8 Colab Notebook Due Date: April 8
Apr. 4	o Quantum Cryptography o Quantum Computer Hardware	Quantum Cryptography Quantum Computer Hardware Overview LC-Circuit-and-QC.pdf	Quantum Cryptography Explained Final Project Report Due: April 15

Background Reading

• A Rosetta Stone for Quantum Mechanics with an Introduction to Quantum Computation by Samuel J. Lomonaco, JR.
• An Introduction to Quantum Computing for Non-Physicists by Eleanor Rieffel and Wolfgang Polak

Books

• Quantum Computer Science by David Mermin (2007)
• Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists by Yanofsky, Noson S. and Mirco A. Mannucci (2008)
• Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang (2010)
• Classical and Quantum Computation by Kitaev, Shen, and Vyalyi (1999)
• Quantum Information Theory by Mark Wilde (2013)
• An Introduction to Quantum Computing by Phillip Kaye, Raymond Laflamme, and Michele Mosca (2007)
• Quantum Computing Explained by McMahon, David (2008).

Other Lecture Notes

• Quantum Computation by David Mermin
• Quantum Computation by Umesh Vazirani
• Quantum Computation by John Preskill
• Theory of Quantum Information and Introduction to Quantum Computing by John Watrous
• Quantum algorithms by Andrew Childs
• Quantum Computing Since Democritus by Scott Aaronson
• Quantum Computing by David Bacon
• Quantum Computation and Information by Ryan O'Donnell, John Wright
• Quantum Computing by Peter Shor
• Qubits, Quantum Mechanics, and Computers by Birgitta Whaley, Kevin Young, Mohan Sarovar
• Topics in Quantum Computing by Don Towsley and Bo Jiang with videos
• Quantum Computing by Ronald de Wolf with full-fledged lecture notes
• Great Ideas in Theoretical Computer Science by Scott Aaronson with lectures on Quantum Computing and Quantum Algorithms

Quantum Computing Devices/Simulators

• DWave LEAP
• IBM's QX and qiskit plus talk (slides/video)
• Introduction to Quantum Computing
• Quantum Algorithm Implementations for Beginners (with IBM examples)
• Quantum Neural Network (Japan)
• Microsoft's Q#
• ScaffCC Compiler
• QX Quantum Computer Simulator from QuTech / TU Delft (joint with Intel)
• List of Quantum Computing Tools
• qmasm and edif2qmasm (EDIF Verilog to DWave Qmasm) from Scott Pakin (LANL)
• Quirk web-based gate-model simulator w/ Grover algorithm
• recommended for Quirk users: Quantum computing for the determined Utube video series by Michael Nielsen
• QuTiP Quantum Toolbox in Python (for Physics problems)

Papers/Talks

• From Cbits to Qbits: Teaching Computer Scientists Quantum Mechanics by David Mermin
• Design of a Superconducting Quantum Computer by John Martinis (UCSB+Google QUantum AI)
• Adiabatic Quantum Computation by Vicky Choi (VT)
• A Layered Software Architecture for Quantum Computing Design Tools by Svore at al., IEEE Computer ( Volume: 39, Issue: 1, Jan. 2006 )
• ScaffCC: A Framework for Compilation and Analysis of Quantum Computing Programs. Ali JavadiAbhari, Shruti Patil, Daniel Kudrow, Jeff Heckey, Alexey Lvov, Frederic T. Chong, Margaret Martonosi. ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers, May 2014. Best Paper Award. ScaffCC on github. related slides
• Software and Architectures for Large-Scale Quantum Computing, Fred Chong, U. Chicago
• Compiler Management of Communication and Parallelism for Quantum Computation. Jeff Heckey, Shruti Patil, Ali JavadiAbhari, Adam Holmes, Daniel Kudrow, Ken Brown, Diana Franklin, Margaret Martonosi, Frederic T. Chong. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), March 2015.
• more papers by Fred Chong U Chicago
• A Software Methodology for Compiling Quantum Programs, Thomas Häner, Damian S. Steiger, Krysta Svore, Matthias Troyer, arXiv:1604.01401, some slides
• D-Wave pubs suitable for presentation:
• A practical heuristic for finding graph minors by Jun Cai, Bill Macready, Aidan Roy
• Discrete optimization using quantum annealing on sparse Ising models, Bian et al., Front. Phys., 18 September 2014
• Other D-Wave pubs:
• Experimental Demonstration of a Robust and Scalable Flux Qubit by Harris et al., arXiv:0909.4321v1
• Architectural considerations in the design of a superconducting quantum annealing processor by Bunyk et al., arXiv:1401.5504
• Entanglement in a Quantum Annealing Processor by Lanting et al., arXiv:1401.3500
• Gates for Adiabatic Quantum Computing by Richard H. Warren, arXiv:1405.2354, 2014
• Ground State Spin Logic by J. D. Whitfield, M. Faccin, J. D. Biamonte, arXiv:1205.1742, 2012

• Performance Models for Split-execution Computing Systems by Travis S. Humble, Alexander J. McCaskey, Jonathan Schrock, Hadayat Seddiqi, Keith A. Britt, Neena Imam, arXiv:1607.01084
• A quantum macro assembler by Scott Pakin, High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC), 2016, QMASM github code
• QX: A high-performance quantum computer simulation platform by Khammassi et al., DATE'17
• Quantum Error Correction for Beginners by Simon J. Devitt, Kae Nemoto, William J. Munro, arXiv:0905.2794
• Quantum Computing over Finite Fields: Reversible Relational Programming with Exclusive Disjunctions by Roshan P. James, Gerardo Ortiz, Amr Sabry, arXiv:1101.3764
• Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, Edward Farhi, Aram W Harrow, arXiv:1602.07674 (Submitted on 24 Feb 2016)
• Error mitigation for short-depth quantum circuits, Kristan Temme, Sergey Bravyi, Jay M. Gambetta (Submitted on 6 Dec 2016 (v1), arXiv:1612.02058, last revised 6 Nov 2017 (this version, v3))
• Physics: Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approach to Correlated Materials, Bela Bauer, Dave Wecker, Andrew J. Millis, Matthew B. Hastings, and Matthias Troyer, Phys. Rev. X 6, 031045, 21 September 2016
• Chemistry: A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor, A. Peruzzo et al., Nature Comms 5, 4213 (2014)
• Quantum supremacy: Quantum advantage with shallow circuits by Sergey Bravyi, David Gosset, Robert Koenig in arXiv:1704.00690, Apr 2017, also in Science, 19 Oct 2018: Vol. 362, Issue 6412, pp. 308-311, DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3106, slides, video

---