Structural Definition
A fraction consists of 3 components:
  - A sign which is either + or -
  
 - A numerator which may be any non-negative integer
  
 - A denominator which may be any positive integer (>0)
 
A structural definition defines the values of a type by imposing an
internal structure on them.
Parts may be further constrained:
  - Normalized representation:
  
 - numerator and denominator must have no common divisor