Proteome Analyst is currently analyzing several commonly requested
proteomes and making results available here for public viewing.
Please bookmark
this page as the URLs for individual result sets may change in the future
Animal |
Archaea |
Fungi |
Gram-negative |
Gram-positive |
Plant
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Caenorhabditis elegans
C. elegans is about as primitive an organism that exists however it
shares many of the essential biological characteristics that are
central problems of human biology. The worm is conceived as a single
cell which undergoes a complex process of development, starting with
embryonic cleavage, proceeding through morphogenesis and growth to the
adult. It has a nervous system with a 'brain' (the circumpharyngeal
nerve ring). It exhibits behavior and is even capable of rudimentary
learning. It produces sperm and eggs, mates and reproduces. After
reproduction it gradually ages, loses vigour and finally
dies. Embryogenesis, morphogenesis, development, nerve function,
behaviour and aging, and how they are determined by genes are some of
the most fundamental mysteries of modern biology. C. elegans exhibits
these phenomena, yet is only 1 mm long and may be handled as a
microorganism - it is usually grown on petri plates seeded with
bacteria. All 959 somatic cells of its transparent bodyare visible
with a microscope, and its average life span is a mere 2-3 weeks. Thus
C. elegans provides researchers with the ideal compromise between
complexity and tractability.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Danio rerio
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become another popular "model" organism with
which to study fundamental biological questions. Some of its advantages for
biologists are that it is a small 11.5 inches freshwater fish that grows easily
in aquaria. It breeds quickly and often (daily), it is a vertebrate and thus can
provide clues to human biology that invertebrates may not. Its embryos, like
those of most fishes, develop outside the body where they can be easily observed
and are transparent so defects in development can be seen easily. Individual
cells in the embryo can be labelled with a fluorescent dye and their fate
followed. Embryonic development is quick (they hatch is two days). They can
absorb small molecules, such as mutagens from the aquarium water. Individual
cells, or clusters of cells, can be transplanted to other locations in the
embryo. They can be forced to develop by parthenogenesis (in parthenogenesis
(virgin birth), the females produce eggs, but these developinto young without
ever being fertilised) to produce at will homozygous animals with either a
male-derived or female-derived genome. They can be cloned from somatic cells and
they can be made transgenic (A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign
gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome).Since zebrafish
research began, these embryos have become very popular worldwide as a means of
understanding how not only fish, but all vertebrates including humans, develop
from the moment that sperm fertilizes an egg. The eggs are clear and develop
outside of the mother's body, allowing scientists to watch a zebrafish egg grow
into a newly formed fish under a microscope. The cells are observed while they
divide and form different parts of the baby fish's body. In the development span
of 2-4 days, some cells form to make the eyes, others, the heart, the liver, the
stomach, the skin, the fins, etc. until the fish is complete. Scientists will
occasionally move a cell to another spot to see if it will still go on to form
the same part of the body as it is known to do in other embryos or if it will do
something different. Occasionally a cell is removed or destroyed to see what the
result is to the fish once it has developed. This is how scientists are
discovering the causes ofbirth defects in human children and it's how they are
trying to find a way to prevent these birth defects by understanding why they
happen and what original cells are involved.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit Fly)
Researchers have found that the underlying biochemistry of fruit flies and
humans is remarkably similar, therefore fruit flies can provide clues to
understanding human diseases caused by defective genes. Human tumor-suppressing
genes can be seen in flies easier than in mouse data pointing out that
experiments can be done using fly genes that would be impractical (or
unthinkable) using human subjects. Especially useful is the identification of
networks of other genes that interact with known disease genes, and their
associated metabolic pathways. The implications for medicine are immediate. A
recent transgenic fly, for example, is proving invaluable in the study of the
pathology of the complex human disease, Parkinson's disease. To this end
researchers are continuing to refine the D. melanogaster sequence already
produced.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens is the name of the species to which we all belong. It is a member
of the order of Primates, a type of mammal notable for their flexible
joints. The earliest primates are believed to have evolved about 65 million
years ago, but the earliest bipedal ancestors of modern man appeared about 5
million years ago; Homo sapiens itself is a young species, dating back only 200
- 300, 000 years. The most widely accepted theory is that Homo sapiens is
African in origin, and dispersed from there, driving other primitive hominids
(such as the subspecies the European Neanderthal, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis,
to extinction). Evidence from the sequencing of (maternally-inherited)
mitochondrial DNA over a wide range of contemporary populations indicate that
everyone alive today is descended from a single female of African origin who
lived approximately 150,000 years ago. Similar research conducted on (paternally
inherited) Y-chromosomes indicates the existence of a common male ancestor who
lived about 60,000 years ago.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Mus musculus
The house mouse, Mus musculus, is a common rodent, closely related to the
rat. Thanks to its association with humans (who provide mice with food and
shelter, both inadvertently and intentionally), the species (probably Eurasian
in origin) has been distributed throughout the world. It's short life-cycle,
prodigious capacity for breeding (a female typically produces 5-10 litters of
3-6 offspring each, per year) and small size has led to it becoming a frequently
used model system for studies of human biology. The genome of Mus musculus was
the second mammalian genome to be sequenced; a complete draft entered the public
nucleotide sequence repositories in 2002. Work is continuing on producing a
"finished" sequence of higher quality.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum causes human malaria and despite more than a century of
efforts to eradicate or control malaria, the disease remains a major and growing
threat to the public health and economic development of countries in the
tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 40% of the world's
population lives in areas where malaria is transmitted. An international effort
was launched in 1996 to sequence the P. falciparum genome with the expectation
that the genome sequence would open new avenues for research. The elucidation of
the genome of the malaria parasite will provide researchers with a powerful tool
for dissecting the biology of this complex organism, and may speed the discovery
of a desperately needed treatment for malaria.
• Apicoplasts are not currently supported by our Animal Subcellular Localization
Classifier. Proteins that are located in the apicoplast may be incorrectly classified.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
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Rattus norvegicus
Rattus norvegicus is more commonly known as the brown rat or Norwegian rat. It
is not a native of Norway, as its name suggests. The species originated in Asia,
reached Europe by the mid-1500's and arrived in North America in about 1775 on
ships from England. This cosmopolitan rat can now be found in nearly every part
of the world. Rats were established as a model for learning about human
physiology and disease in the early 1800s. In the 1900s, they ceded some of
their popularity to mice, which are smaller, quicker to breed and easier to
manipulate genetically however rat research is now experiencing a
renaissance. Rats are easier to work with, they are less aggressive than mice,
they don't scurry around so much; mice are slow and inflexible learners whereas
rats are quick learners and make good subjects for behavioural studies. Size
also plays an important role as researchers particularly appreciate the rat's
relatively generous proportions, which make it easy to carry out detailed
physiological measurements. Rats are biologically similar to humans, for example
rat heart beats at less than two-thirds the rate of a mouse and is closer to the
average human resting rate of 70 beats per minute. In stressed rats, the areas
of the brain that change size are the same as those thought to be affected by
stressin people. Rats are susceptible to many of the same health problems, and
they have short life-cycles so they can easily be studied throughout their whole
life-span or across several generations. In addition, scientists can easily
control the environment around the animal (diet, temperature, lighting, etc.),
which would be difficult to do with humans.
• Subcellular Localization & GO Molecular Function Statistics
• Download Results : FASTA, CSV
• Data from EBI
