Its Not That Easy for Computers

Limits to pipelining: Hazards prevent next instruction from executing during its designated clock cycle
- Structural hazards: HW cannot support this combination of instructions (single person to fold and put clothes away)
- Data hazards: Instruction depends on result of prior instruction still in the pipeline (missing sock)
- Control hazards: Pipelining of branches & other instructions stall the pipeline until the hazard “bubbles” in the pipeline

Limits to pipelining: Hazards prevent next instruction from executing during its designated clock cycle